Approximately a tenth as many enlisted to "go South" and fight for the Confederacy. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. Salisbury University, 1991). 6306239). 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. Losses were extremely heavy on both sides; The Union suffered 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. "[77][78] Some didn't recall hearing Booth shout anything in Latin. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press, Whitman H. Ridgway. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. If they were lucky, several men could be crammed into thin canvas tents, but most were forced to construct their own drafty shelters. [33], The Merryman decision created a sensation, but its immediate impact was rather limited, as the president simply ignored the ruling. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. See chart and explanation, p. 550. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. See Introduction, p. xxxiv. Throughout the War units WebThirty pen and ink maps of the Maryland Campaign, 1862 : drawn from descriptive readings and map fragments Names Russell, Robert E. L. Created / Published Baltimore : Robert E. Lee Russell, 1932. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. Plumbs newest book,The Better Angels, will be published by Potomac Books, an imprint of University of Nebraska Press, in March of 2020. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. J.E.B. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was While Union forces were able to gain control of the mountain, they could not stop Lee from regrouping and setting the Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. [68] Quartermaster John Howard recalled that Steuart performed "seventeen double somersaults" all the while whistling Maryland, My Maryland. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. The abolition of slavery in Maryland preceded the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlawing slavery throughout the United States and did not come into effect until December 6, 1865. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. It was 1942. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. Situated on a 54-acre island within the James River, a stone's throw away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, Belle Isle received the ire of Northern politicians and poets alike. Join Our Email List Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. [15] One of the men involved in this destruction would be arrested for it in May without recourse to habeas corpus, leading to the ex parte Merryman ruling. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. In 1864, elements of the warring armies again met in Maryland, although this time the scope and size of the battle was much smaller. Duncan, Richard Ray. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. In Western Maryland, Lees efforts came to head with the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War at Antietam. But what was Earlys aim, and how close did he come to taking the city and ending the war? WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! ContactMatthew Gagleor call 301-340-2825. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book Send for the Doctor, is available as a first person portrayal of Dr. Stonestreet or as a PowerPoint slide show. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. The sirens whistled. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. On April 14, 1865 the actor John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. After he shot Lincoln, Booth shouted "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. All Rights Reserved. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). [citation needed]. He has been concealed for more than six months. 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. This is a PowerPoint presentation. McCausland had the city burned down. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. Although tactically inconclusive, the Battle of Antietam is considered a strategic Union victory and an important turning point of the war, because it forced the end of Lee's invasion of the North, and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect on January 1, 1863. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. Yes No An official form of the United States government. It did not affect Maryland. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. Join this descendant of Civil War veterans, who shares songs and stories from the War Between the States, wearing both blue and gray, and accompanying himself on guitar. Marylands POW Camps in World War II. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. Jubal Earlys Attack on WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. Upon inspecting the camp, the U.S Sanitary Commission reported that the the amount of standing water, of unpoliced grounds, of foul sinks, of general disorder, of soil reeking with miasmic accretions, of rotten bones and emptying of camp kettles..was enough to drive a sanitarian mad." The Better Angels: Five women who changed and were changed by the American Civil WarSpeaker: Robert Plumb. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. One feature of the new constitution was a highly restrictive oath of allegiance which was designed to reduce the influence of Southern sympathizers, and to prevent such individuals from holding public office of any kind. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. With the increase in men came overcrowding, decreased sanitation, shortages of food, and thus the proliferation of disease, filth, starvation, and death. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. During the American Civil War (18611865), or "The South shall be free!" Harris (2011) pp. [35] Two of the publishers selling his book were then arrested. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. [26], Butler went on to occupy Baltimore and declared martial law, ostensibly to prevent secession, although Maryland had voted solidly (5313) against secession two weeks earlier,[27] but more immediately to allow war to be made on the South without hindrance from the state of Maryland,[25] which had also voted to close its rail lines to Northern troops, so as to avoid involvement in a war against its southern neighbors. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. WebEmerging Civil War Series. "Start-up nation? On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of WebDuring the Civil War, Baltimore had 44 forts, batteries, redoubts, and armed camps, and about 20 unarmed camps (hospitals, POW, etc.) The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced A presentation in PowerPoint format about five remarkable women who made important contributions to the Union cause at various stages before, during, and after the critical years of the American Civil War. 1864. The earthworks were removed by 1869. By the end of the war, 1 in 3 men imprisoned at Florencedied. Was he right, or was he just telling another tall soldiers tale? It will bust some 150 year old myths, such as Civil War soldiers being awake and biting on bullets during surgery. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. The city was in panic. A Field Guide to Civil War Statues in WashingtonSpeaker: James H. Johnston. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. The issue of slavery may have been settled by the new constitution, and the legality of secession by the war, but this did not end the debate. WebDuring the turbulent weeks following Baltimores civilian clash with federal troops along Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. [53] During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. [3] In all nine newspapers were shut down in Maryland by the federal government, and a dozen newspaper owners and editors like Howard were imprisoned without charges.[3]. WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. For the next two days, Stuarts cavalry engaged in several actions that would, in varying degrees, hinder and delay their movement north to join the Confederate forces in Pennsylvania. The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. [62] The battle was the culmination of Robert E. Lee's Maryland Campaign, which aimed to take the war to the North. The Underground Railroad Movement: Riding the Freedom Train Reenactor: Candace Ridington. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. civil War original matches. WebCivil War Camps in and Near Howard County, Maryland. [8] Other residents, and a majority of the legislature, wished to remain in the Union, but did not want to be involved in a war against their southern neighbors, and sought to prevent a military response by Lincoln to the South's secession. [66], Lee's setback at the Battle of Antietam can also be seen as a turning point in that it may have dissuaded the governments of France and Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, doubting the South's ability to maintain and win the war.[67]. (PowerPoint presentation.). The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. [75] Those voting at their usual polling places were opposed to the Constitution by 29,536 to 27,541. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at This is a common thread among camps over the course of the Civil War. Harris states that Lincoln may or may not have been aware of this communication. Stuarts Wild Ride Through Montgomery CountySpeaker: Robert Plumb. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. civil War original matches. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some.