Watches are issued when particular weather conditions, such as thunderstorms or tornadoes, are expected in the hours to follow. . Updated: Mar. Why fans love it. When at home, you and your family need to go to their safe place. For the latest breaking news, weather and traffic alerts, download the WCNC Charlotte mobile app. Tornado Warnings were also issued for parts of the state. If you are outdoors, and there is no shelter available, take cover in a low-lying flat area. 17, 2021 at 3:17 PM PDT. When there is an active tornado warning, you need to know where you should go. . We've listed more severe weather safe places here. DO NOT seek shelter under a bridge or overpass. A few rain showers may linger for Thursday, mainly east of Charlotte. Interactive radar|Share your weather photos. Use caution as evacuation orders are in place. You should also check in with family and friends regularly and let others know of any severe weather headed their way if they're not aware. If the tornado is far enough away you can drive away from it in 90-degree angles until you find a safe place. If a tornado warning sounds while you are in a house of worship like a church or synagogue, or if you're at the theater, you'll want to find the lowest interior room without windows. The 2018 election through then Republican candidate Mark Harris' eyes. Crouch and cover your head. The watch had earlier been issued primarily for mountain counties. Be aware of damaged power or gas lines and electrical systems that may cause fires, electrocution or explosions. Hide under the pews or seats. Officials also recommend staying alert by listening to weather radios that broadcast alerts from the National Weather Service. CHARLOTTE, N.C. (WBTV) - A First Alert Weather Day is in effect for Friday, due to heavy rain and gusty winds for the Carolinas. Right Now. Remnants of #Fred have caused flooding through Canton, washing out roads & bridges. Most importantly, don't panic. WCNC Charlotte Chief Meteorologist Brad Panovich learned of storm damage in Stanly County caused by a possible tornado Thursday. "If it's going to happen, it's going to happen this afternoon as the front pushes off the east," Panovich said. At 9 p.m. Wednesday, Duke Energy had roughly 900 outages reported in the Hickory area. News anchor Fred Shropshire is leaving Charlotte station WCNC. Heat wave to blanket Charlotte and Raleigh, NWS says. The below video is from Thursday as Brad Panovich and the WCNC Charlotte First Warn Storm Team were tracking the tornado-warned thunderstorm over southern Mecklenburg County: Below is the moment WCNC Charlotte Chief Meteorologist Brad Panovich, with the help of Bill McGinty, where using your photos to give "ground truth" to what was appearing on radar. News anchor Fred Shropshire is leaving Charlotte station WCNC. The WBTV First Alert Weather Team continues to track today's severe weather https://t.co/4Zm22Uzotb pic.twitter.com/OmW9MD58Ga. Tree damage is likely. Crouch and cover your head. Your only option is to get out of the mobile home and run to a tornado shelter nearby. A few isolated rain showers are possible early next week, with high temperatures in the lower 60s for Monday, and 70s for Tuesday and Wednesday. Roughly 1,029 were reported to be without power near Richburg, SC just before 2 p.m., according to Duke Energy. Heavy bands of rain are expected to move into Charlotte and surrounding areas by 2 or 3 p.m., NWS meteorologist Ashley Pratt told The Charlotte Observer at 9:45 a.m. Storms could continue developing in the region until 3 or 4 a.m. Wednesday, she said. Weather IQ, Cash (power outages mean banks and ATMs may be unavailable), Important documents and records (Photos, IDs, proof of residence, etc), Three-day supply of non-perishable food items, One gallon of bottled water per person, per day, Hearing aids and other specialty medical items, Baby, elderly and pet supplies if necessary, Family communication plan with emergency contact information. Outages were also reported near Mt. Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without shelter, the NWS said in an alert. Published: Nov. 9, 2022 at 10:03 AM PST. More information on tornadoes and overall emergency preparedness can be found online at Brad Panovich's family keeps helmets in their safe space, along with other supplies for a tornado warning. A watch could expand across an entire region in advance of storms. Next Up. "All Charlotte-Mecklenburg residents, businesses and organizations are encouraged to participate in the drill. Damaging winds and a spin-up tornado is possible. Copyright 2022 WBTV. Parts of the Charlotte area, including Mint Hill, were under a tornado warning until 1:45 p.m. More than 1,200 people were without power as of 4:30 p.m. Thursday, according to Duke Energy. Make sure you've turned on weather notificationsin case severe weather happens today. Tropical Storm Grace leaves Haiti with flooding rains, and it could be a hurricane soon, Tornado warning issued again for York County SC, weather service reports, Heavy rains knock out power in south Charlotte, with more wet weather in the forecast, Charlotte under Friday wind advisory, storms could leave power outages. WCNC Charlotte Chief Meteorologist Brad Panovich tracked the line of storms associated with a cold front pushing out of Tennessee and into the Carolinas. Chance of precipitation is 90%. "You can see it does build a little towards the middle of the day," Panovich explained. As a cold front then moved eastward across the Carolinas, it produced storms along the boundary between the warmer, moist air and the cooler air riding along the front. Results 8 of 8. The National Weather Service later removed the tornado warnings for Burke and McDowell counties, but the warning remained for Caldwell County until 8:45 p.m. At 8:30 p.m., the NWS issued a tornado watch until midnight for counties to the west and north of Mecklenburg, including Gaston, Lincoln, Cleveland, Iredell and Catawba and counties into Virginia. "The time you take now to prepare will make all the difference if and when disaster strikes.". Severe thunderstorms earlier Thursday prompted several tornado warnings for counties in North Carolina and South Carolina. Joe Marusak has been a reporter for The Charlotte Observer since 1989 covering the people, municipalities and major news events of the region, and was a news bureau editor for the paper. Download the free WBTV Weather app on your mobile device, to receive weather alerts and get your latest WBTV weather forecast on the go. Other storms along the line produced hail and wind in western North Carolina and upstate South Carolina. Here are his plans. Cornelius, NC Weather Advisories - Warnings & Watches | AccuWeather Today Hourly Daily Radar MinuteCast Monthly Air Quality Health & Activities Cornelius Alerts 0 Active NO WARNINGS OR. In a mobile home, get out and run to a tornado shelter nearby. Thursday will remain mild, with afternoon high temperatures around 70 degrees. Example video title will go here for this video. Charlotte Waffle House found with live roach, unclean equipment during health inspection, The top-ranked pie in North Carolina doesnt look like pie at all. Your safe place should have a flashlight, as well as food and water. Keep your seatbelt on and duck below the winds and cover your head. Learn More. The rural Iredell communities of Union Grove, Turnersburg and Olin also fell under the warning. Video from Meat Camp, a community in Watauga County, showed hail piling up on a deck. March 6-12 is Severe Weather Preparedness Week in North Carolina. The most severe storms barreled through southern Mecklenburg County from Upstate South Carolina late afternoon. In a tweet sent out at 3:20 p.m., YCSO said the lines were down near Lawrence Road and Beamguard Road. Emergency management officials confirmed the tornado, according to the NWS. Stay tuned to Weather on the 1s on Spectrum News 1 and theSpectrum News appfor updates through the day. The greatest chance came from late this morning in the western Piedmont and will go through the evening in the coastal plain. A tornado warning continued for Cabarrus County at 6 p.m. Charlotte Waffle House found with live roach, unclean equipment during health inspection, The top-ranked pie in North Carolina doesnt look like pie at all. Thunderstorms with straight-line winds could spawn tornadoes, National Weather Service meteorologists warned Wednesday afternoon. Since 2010, some 336 tornadoes have touched down in North Carolina, according to data from the National . Indian Land Schools announced some schools would dismiss students early due to the threat of severe weather. Emergency officials recommend residents use the following safety tips: Know the terms: WATCH means a tornado is possible. Meteorologists and emergency management officials blamed severe thunderstorms spawned by Fred for knocking out power to several thousand Duke Energy customers west and southwest of Asheville, and 1,000 customers in Valdese, Burke County. The Cabarrus and Union County school systems also shifted to remote learning, while Cabarrus likewise canceled all athletic and extracurricular activities. Knowing what to do and practicing what to do is part of being prepared when severe weather strikes," Charlotte Fire Chief Reginald Johnson said. RELATED: A suspected tornado touched down Thursday near Polkton. Severe thunderstorms earlier Thursday prompted several tornado warnings for counties in North Carolina and South Carolina. Tornado @ 12:59pm Wilkes county, Iredell county line @NWSGSP @weatherchannel @SpecNews1CLT pic.twitter.com/fUIUlDuLgE. Here are his plans. Tornado warnings were first activated for Burke, McDowell and Caldwell counties around 7:45 p.m. Wednesday, prompting the WCNC Charlotte weather team to advise residents to seek shelter. 2023 AccuWeather, Inc. "AccuWeather" and sun design are registered trademarks of AccuWeather, Inc. All Rights Reserved. A Severe Thunderstorm Warning was also issued for Watauga County 8:30 p.m. A Flash Flood Warning has been issued for Burke and Caldwell Counties until 11 p.m. Tornado Warning issued for Burke, Caldwell, McDowell Counties until 11pmLive on @WBTV_News now!#ncwx pic.twitter.com/jFXUEMjEL3. Damaging winds can occur in any storm -- regardless of whether or not that storm is producing a tornado. When at home, you and your family need to go to their safe place. Real-time updates and all local stories you want right in the palm of your hand. Official website for the city of Charlotte, North Carolina. Near Polton, several chicken houses were destroyed along with substantial tree damage. A number of tornadoes were reported in Mississippi and Alabama late Wednesday. The same rules apply if you live in an apartment or condo building. At 7:41 p.m., the National Weather Service said a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado was located nine miles south of Blowing Rock, or eight miles south of Blowing Rock In Caldwell County, moving northeast at 25 mph. Any enclosed place away from windows is your target. There have been 2,400 power outages reported in Catawba County as of 8:15 p.m. Strong to severe storms are possible into our Wednesday evening hours, with scattered rain possible overnight into early Thursday, as a cold front moves through. CHARLOTTE, N.C. (WBTV) - A Tornado Warning was issued for Burke, Alexander, Catawba and Caldwell Counties until 11:45 p.m. on Wednesday night. Charlotte, North Carolina, is now under a tornado warning The National Weather Service says parts of North Carolina, including Charlotte, are now under a tornado warning. #cltwx #ncwx #scwx pic.twitter.com/873uTRGB86, Still very good rotation in this tornado-warned storm. Instagram. About 1 inch of hail was reported in the Lincolnton area around 4:55 p.m., roughly 1 inch was reported near Crowders around 4:56 p.m., and less than an inch was reported in Shelby around 4:50 p.m. About 4,000 people were without power as severe thunderstorms pushed through the at times Carolinas Friday afternoon. First Alert: Thursday will remain mild after multiple Tornado Warnings on Wednesday. If it is nearby, DO NOT try tooutrun it. Get to the lowest level, but use the stairs since an elevator could lose power. Gusty winds associated with the storm system also brought down trees. WARNING means a tornado has been spotted; take shelter immediately. Panovich said the convective available potential energy -- known as CAPE, or "thunderstorm fuel" -- will build up in the middle of the day. Familiarize yourself with the warning signs that can indicate a tornado, such as: Dark sky; Large hail; Large, dark, low-lying clouds that could be rotating; Loud roar; . If storms in the near future are expected to have these criteria, the National Weather Service will issue a Severe Thunderstorm Watch across an entire region. A Tornado Watch was issued for parts of North Carolina through 8 p.m. A Tornado Watch has been issued for parts of the Sandhills and . Some establishments will have a marked tornado shelter. Seek shelter immediately and stay inside and in an interior room, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Emergency Management urged after a warning for Pineville, Matthews and Mint Hill. RELATED: Weather IQ: Understanding watches and warnings, Wake Up Charlotte To Go is a daily news and weather podcast you can listen to so you can start your day with the team atWake Up Charlotte. Here are his plans. Slight risk (2) remains in place for rest of SC Upstate & western NC Piedmont including Charlotte.#NCwx #SCwx #GAwx #CLTwx pic.twitter.com/ELgbXzpWnj. Brandon Pope sent WBTV News this video of what he was seeing. The cause of the outage is a tree on a power line on Kirksey Drive. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Emergency Management Urges Residents to Practice Tornado Safety. Amazing structure to the storm near the Lincoln/Gaston county line. CHARLOTTE, N.C. The severe weather threat for Charlotte has ended after a strong line of thunderstorms moved through the metro area earlier Thursday. If the tornado is far enough away you can drive away from it at 90-degree angles until you find a safe place. He currently reports on breaking news. Severe Thunderstorm Warnings could then be issued for individual storms as needed. At 6 p.m Tuesday, about 2,000 of the outages were just north of Charlottes airport, according to the Duke Energy outage map. Some establishments will have a marked tornado shelter. The Storm Prediction Center has a 2% chance for tornadoes in the areas north and south we mentioned previously in the article (in orange). This is the riskiest place to be during a tornado. visit the archive now go back to the current warnings Gusty winds not associated with storms will continue into tonight, with wind gusts around 35 mph at times. Gusts could reach 30 mph at Charlottes airport, the forecast showed. When at home, you and your family need to go to a safe place. 1 threat would be severe thunderstorms with gusty winds. CHARLOTTE, N.C. The severe . Severe storms race through Charlotte area, prompting tornado warnings, flight delays By Joe Marusak. Storms producing damaging hail, defined as hail one inch in size or larger, will prompt the National Weather Service to issue a Severe Thunderstorm Warning. Charlotte has a 30% chance of showers on Thursday, mainly before noon, followed by sunny to mostly sunny skies through Monday and partly sunny skies next Tuesday, according to the NWS. Here's a glimpse of how the rest of the evening will unfold. Numerous trees are down, county officials said in a news release, adding that emergency crews were assessing the extent of damage. CHARLOTTE, N.C. A line of severe thunderstorms moved through Charlotte and the Interstate 77 corridor of North Carolina and South Carolina Friday, moving out of the region shortly after 9 p.m . Updated March 18, 2021 7:14 PM . A Tornado Watch was also issued for Alexander, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Gaston, Iredell, Lincoln and Rutherford counties until 12 a.m. A Flash Flood Warning was issued around 10:55 p.m. for Burke and Caldwell County in NC until 2:00 a.m. Thursday. Flying debris tends to move even faster, making it more dangerous. Gilead, NC around 3:45 p.m. As of 11 p.m., roughly 1,000 customers in the Norwood area were still without power. April and May are the months with the most tornadic activity in North Carolina. A tornado watch issued south and east of the Charlotte area has been allowed to expire. Notifications can be turned off anytime in the browser settings. NWS meteorologists and county emergency management officials confirmed the two tornadoes. Southern Lancaster. For all still hoping: Snow has defied meteorological winter in Charlotte before, Make the most of spring-like weather in Charlotte with these outdoor activities, If theres a winter heat wave in Charlotte now, this is what can you expect for spring. #scwx #ncwx #gawx pic.twitter.com/xadEfmxwpD, 925 AM UPDATENortheast GA, Western Upstate of SC & NC foothills have been downgraded from a slight (2) to marginal (1) risk for severe weather. Watch Terrifying Moment Twister Rips Through Yard 00:29. https://t.co/teUeDe1gXx pic.twitter.com/EzZdzL2aXA. How hot could it get? Do not wait to see or hear the tornado. #lawx #mswx pic.twitter.com/GoCOb3jugV. There have been 2,400 power outages reported in Catawba County as of 8:15 p.m. Strong to severe storms are possible into our Wednesday evening hours, with scattered rain possible overnight into early Thursday, as a cold front moves through. Rain and storms are expected to diminish in coverage overnight, after a cold front moves through, with isolated rain showers possible early Thursday morning, with low temperatures in the upper 50s. Click here to sign up for the daily Wake Up Charlotte newsletter. Weather IQ: Find your safe place on 'Safe Place Selfie Day', Weather IQ: The most important tool to forecast thunderstorms, Weather IQ: Understanding watches and warnings. Instead, pull over. How hot could it get? #cltwx #ncwx #scwx #wcnc pic.twitter.com/EUhYsSSIPt, RELATED: Weather IQ: Facts you need to know about lightning, RELATED: When a storm has these features, a severe thunderstorm warning is issued. Death toll rises following multiday severe weather outbreak. At 3:20 p.m., WBTV meteorologist Jason Myers reported wind gusts nearing 40 mph in Charlotte ahead of storms, and 30 mph sustained winds. Now Playing. There were 109 flood incidents across the state. The National Weather Service will issue tornado warnings on individual storms that are likely, or are already producing, a tornado warning. TORNADO WARNINGS in effect until 1:45pm #SpectrumNews1 #ncwx pic.twitter.com/DvXqMmJRpq. A tornado warning for west-central Mecklenburg County was canceled at 6:30 p.m. Friday, as the severe storm that prompted the warning moved from the area, according to the National Weather Service . Eyes on the ground allow meteorologists to confirm what radar is detecting above the ground in the atmosphere. If you're on the south side of Charlotte, you need to be in your safe place! Twitter, and If you are out in the open, and there is no nearby shelter, find the lowest-lying area away from trees and anything that could produce debris. Saturday looks mainly dry for the piedmont, yet the NC mountains may see some scattered snow showers for the higher elevations. Be mindful of others and move as quickly and safely as possible to an interior bathroom or storage room. A warm, moist area moved into the Carolinas by Thursday midday. All ofWCNC Charlotte's podcasts are free and available for both streaming and download. He explained the cloud in the photo, which was taken near Pineville during the tornado warning, was a photograph of a wall cloud and not a tornado. But if there is no time. . Now two NC men face prison. Example video title will go here for this video. The big question is what happens behind the first wave, Munroe said, referring to the first wave of showers that stretched from the mountains to Charlotte through early afternoon. We also see a secondary peak in the fall from August to October. Crouch on the floor and cover your head as much as you can. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. CHARLOTTE, N.C. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Emergency Management urges residents to prepare for severe weather that may occur with little to no warning this spring. A couple of tornadoes, along with quarter-size hail and gusts up to 70 mph are possible, according to the watch. In Mecklenburg County, a tree fell on power lines along Providence Road north of Sardis Road. Wednesday brought the WCNC Charlotte viewing area's first tornado warning of the year -- and 14 . Highs are expected to plummet to 57 degrees on Friday, 52 on Saturday and 58 on Sunday, while mostly sunny skies prevail over the weekend, according to the NWS forecast. Lake Wind Advisory. Duke Energy, on its website, said the high winds and heavy rains caused significant structural damage to its electrical grid in the mountains and foothills in North and South Carolina. Weather IQ: How do tornadoes in the Carolinas form? @NWSBlacksburg @WataugaOnline pic.twitter.com/lDWNjz3b1K. Started 4 hours ago. At 6:15 p.m., at least 112 flights were delayed and four canceled at Charlotte Douglas International Airport, according to FlightAware.com, which tracks flights at U.S. airports. RALEIGH, N.C. (WNCN) - The National Weather Service Raleigh has issued a severe thunderstorm warning for multiple Triangle counties, as well as those surrounding it. A storm with the risk of a tornado prompted a tornado warning Thursday in Charlotte. Arrival delays of up to a half-hour were reported, after all inbound flights were held at their originating airports until 4:30 p.m. to avoid Charlotte-area thunderstorms, according to FlightAware. Virtually all power was restored in Mecklenburg County by 8:30 p.m., while 14,400 customers in McDowell County in the mountains remained without electricity at that hour. This story was originally published August 17, 2021, 10:34 AM. Tornado sirens sounded in York County and at UNC Charlotte. TAKE COVER NOW!. Keep your seatbelt on and duck below the winds and cover your head. "And so, at 3 o'clock, there is some energy. New rainfall amounts between a tenth and quarter of an inch, except higher amounts possible in thunderstorms. No one was hurt as the EF-1 twister the second weakest on the Enhanced Fujita Scale for tornado intensity and damage carved a 5.1-mile path through a rural stretch of the counties, the NWS team reported. As of 2 p.m. Wednesday, 82 flight delays were reported at Charlotte Douglas International Airport. This is that thunderstorm fuel, there is some energy there for these storms to get a little stronger as we go into the afternoon hours. Conditions will be sufficient for development of scattered strong to severe thunderstorms, NWS says. This includes developing a family emergency and communications plan. 2023, Charter Communications, all rights reserved. Even the highest elevations, such as Boone and Blowing Rock, still have a 5% chance of seeing a tornado. Lancaster High, AR Rucker Middle School, South Middle School dismissed at 12:30 p.m., and Indian Land High School dismissed at 1 p.m. Click here to sign up for the daily Wake Up Charlotte newsletter, RELATED: Tornado Alley is shifting east, how does this affect the Carolinas? RELATED: Brad Panovich | Here's why wind shear can cause severe spring weather. Medical Marijuana bill passes NC Senate; some cannabis supporters against bill, 8-year-old helps raise money for favorite Waffle House worker in need of car, Comfortable temperatures and sunshine return as weekend begins, Comfortable temperatures and sunshine return for this weekend, PLAN AHEAD: Latest Weather Forecast Video. Get the latest. several chicken houses were destroyed along with substantial tree damage. Winter storm update: 11 inches of snow forecast in NC mountains, all rain in Charlotte. And it's worth noting: rainfall and lightning are not requirements for Severe Thunderstorm Warnings. Facebook, If you're looking for older warnings, we now have an experimental tornado warning archive for today's tornado warnings and the past 48 hours of warnings. While damaging winds will be the greatest threat, there's enough spin in the atmosphere that a few brief tornadoes may spin up. A tornado warning means a tornado has been spotted, or that weather radar indicated a tornado had formed, according to the NWS. The Charlotte-Mecklenburg Emergency Management Office urges Mecklenburg . The roadway was quickly cleared and reopened. Thousands of other outages occurred earlier in the afternoon in the mountains, as heavy rains and intense thunderstorms barreled into the Carolinas. 54 . By midnight, those outages were resolved, but another 400 were reported around Marion. Damaging wind gusts will be the greatest threat from any severe storms today. CHARLOTTE, N.C. A line of severe thunderstorms moved through Charlotte and the Interstate 77 corridor of North Carolina and South Carolina Friday, moving out of the region shortly after 9 p.m. The best way to prepare for severe weather Thursday is to be ready now. Nearly 500 flights out of Charlotte Douglas International Airport were delayed during the severe weather and more than 85 were canceled, according to FlightAware. The probabilities increased the further south and east of Charlotte you traveled. Winter storm update: 11 inches of snow forecast in NC mountains, all rain in Charlotte. The National Weather Service issues a tornado watch when storms could produce severe weather in the hours ahead. Panovich said the best timeframe for severe weather will likely be from around noon to 2 p.m. By 4 p.m., the trailing edge of storms will be moving through with a threat of strong storms. Through the late afternoon and evening hours, the line associated with an advancing cold front continues to move through eastern portions of the Carolinas. Avoid windows. Example video title will go here for this video. This watch included, but was not limited to: Alexander, Anson, Ashe, Avery, Burke, Cabarrus, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Gaston, Iredell, Lancaster Lincoln, McDowell, Mecklenburg, Richmond, Rowan, Union and Watauga counties. A basement is ideal, but if you don't have one, find the most interior room of your house away from windows. If you like weather, watch Brad Panovich and the WCNC Charlotte First Warn Weather Team on their YouTube channel, Weather IQ. If it is nearby, DO NOT try tooutrun it. A tornado watch has been issued for parts of North Carolina and Virginia until 12 AM EDT . How hot could it get? Luckily, despite the vivid radar signature and observed rotation, no damage was reported after the storm. Crouch on the floor and cover your head as much as you can. The National Weather Service will visit the area Friday to understand the type of severe weather that caused the damage. CHARLOTTE, N.C. Wednesday brought the WCNC Charlotte viewing area's first tornado warning of the year -- and 14 of them in one day, at that. Sunny, warmer, and high pollen into midweek, In a post-Roe world, North Carolina has become an abortion landing place, Thunderstorm brings down trees in Mecklenburg County, Weather IQ: Understanding watches and warnings, city of Morganton said approximately 1,000 customers, Tornado Alley is shifting east, how does this affect the Carolinas? No injuries or home or business damage was immediately reported. A mobile home historically is the worst place to be in the path of a tornado. Charlotte under Friday wind advisory, storms could leave power outages, Murdaugh verdict sends a Lowcountry message: No one is above the law | Opinion, Charlotte Waffle House found with live roach, unclean equipment during health inspection. Managed to see some rotation in the cloud base near Mint Hill, NC (~2mi WNW) as it passed to my north. No injuries or damage to buildings had been reported, officials said. A tornado watch expired at midnight for areas west of Charlotte, including the foothills. Charlotte, NC 51 Charlotte, NC . Chief Meteorologist Brad Panovich said the risk for severe thunderstorms in Charlotte and surrounding areas increased because of afternoon sunshine, which allowed the atmosphere to heat.