In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. Create your account. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. [3] Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. . Islamic states had dominated. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. The Portuguese took the lead. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?san juan airport restaurants hours Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. The voyages of Columbus. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Which type of automated bidding strategy is Target CPA? The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. The Library of Congress. They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? They also found a sea route to India. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . 201-202. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The compass rose also told . Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? Then, when they found Amerindians, they wanted to colonize and convert them, as well as have access to their gold. What are the effects of Spain exploration? In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. At the height of the middle ages, the Mongol Empire had kept open borders throughout Asia and into Europe along the Silk Road, allowing spices and other luxury goods to flow freely from the Far East. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. . Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. He presided as governor over the province of Nueva Galicia, where he heard rumors of wealth to the north: a golden city called Quivira. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. Overview. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. What does it reveal about the state of geographical knowledge, as well as European perceptions of the New World, at the beginning of the sixteenth century? Location of the Strait of Magellan. Spanish . This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. (1531) the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church. Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. Today they highlight the difficult task of historical work; while the letters are primary sources, historians need to understand the context and the culture in which the conquistadors, as the Spanish adventurers came to be called, wrote them and distinguish their bias and subjective nature. [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? | 22 All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Eventually they blocked access altogether. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. During the winter of 154041, the explorers waged war against the Tiwa in present-day New Mexico. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? 1524. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. Indeed, the Renaissance world was looking outward. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! 2 Why was exploration so important to Spain? Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. The spread of Christianity to native populations. What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru.